Essay on Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism - 667 Words

Please define and compare and contrast ETHNOCENTRISM and CULTURAL RELATIVISM. Discuss how you have experienced OR witnessed both concepts in our American Society. Ethnocentrism is viewing your own culture as more superior than any other culture, that all other groups are measured in relation to one’s own. Ethnocentrism can lead to cultural misinterpretation and it often distorts communication between human beings. + while cultural relativism is the concept that the importance of a particular cultural idea varies from one society or societal subgroup to another, the view that ethical and moral standards are relative to what a particular society or culture believes to be good/bad, right/wrong. (dictionary.com) Ethnocentrism is†¦show more content†¦Ethnocentrism can lead to cultural misinterpretation and it often distorts communication between human beings. Ethnocentric thinking causes us to make wrong assumptions about other people because . . . Ethnocentrism leads us to make premature judgments. They may not be very good at what we are best at. By evaluating them by what we are best at, we miss the many other aspects of life that they often handle more competently than we do. Some very simple examples of ethnocentric thinking. . . We often talk about British drivers driving on the wrong side of the road. Why not just say opposite side or even left hand side? We talk about written Hebrew as reading backward. Why not just say from right to left or in the opposite direction from English. We encourage SNU students going on short-term missions to use the phrase Oh, thats different rather than more pejorative terms when encountering strange customs or foods. by Lea Member since: September 17, 2006 Total points: 787 (Level 2) †¢ Add Contact †¢ Block Best Answer - Chosen by Voters Ethnocentrism is viewing your own culture as more superior than any other culture (my definition from class :)) while cultural relativism is the concept that the importance of a particular cultural idea varies from one society or societal subgroup to another, theShow MoreRelatedEthnocentrism And Cultural Relativism : Ethnocentrism950 Words   |  4 PagesEthnocentrism and Cultural relativism are two concepts similar, but different. Ethnocentrism and Cultural relativism both share a similar practice of trying to understand other beliefs and cultures, but they are both hugely different. See Ethnocentrism is having the belief that one’s country and culture is the best and is the right way to go and that you are right and everyone else is wrong. While Cultural relativism is understanding other cultures, countries, and their beliefs. I believe I am aRead More Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Essay example506 Words   |  3 PagesEthnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two contrasting terms that are displayed by different people all over the world. Simply put, ethnocentrism is defined as â€Å"judging other groups from the perspective of one’s own cultural point of view.† Cultural relativism, on the other hand, is defined as â€Å"the view that all beliefs are equally valid and that truth itself is relative, depending on the situation, environment, and individual.† Each of these ideasRead MoreHuman Behavior, Ethnocentrism, And Cultural Relativism1466 Words   |  6 Pagesstudying human behavior, ethnocentrism and cultural relativism will be examined as these concepts expose the authors (McDonnell 2016). Male domination will also be considered while examining these concepts as an important trait in the Afghan society. Ethnocentrism is an idea supported by a mixture of beliefs that one’s own culture is superior to any other culture. The ideas, foreign ways, and values of them are less human or less rational (McDonnell 2016). Cultural relativism, on the other hand, isRead MoreCultural Relativsim vs. Ethnocentrism1190 Words   |  5 Pagesmakes them unique in their own way. On the other side of the spectrum is David Eller who stated â€Å"Insularity is the foundation of ethnocentrism and intolerance; when you only know of those like yourself, it is easy to imagine that you are alone in the world or alone in being good and right in the world. Exposure to diversity, on the contrary, is the basis for relativism and tolerance; when you are forced to face and accept the Other as real, unavoidable, and ultimately valuable, you cannot help butRead MoreEthnocentrism1047 Words   |  5 Pages(Ethnocentrism vs. Cultural Relativism) As a Sociologist, should we practice Cultural Ethnocentrism or Cultural Relativism? We must first understand the two distinct theories regarding perception of outside cultures: Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism. Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of ones own culture.[1] The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concernRead MoreLet s Talk About Death Essay877 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom culture to culture. In fact, opening up the conversation about death is essential now more than ever before. Death is a taboo subject in western culture, but these ideas have the potential of promoting ethnocentrism, and the only way to overcome these feelings is by embracing cultural relativism. In modern day western culture, death is a subject we like to avoid. We are conditioned to fear death and suppress grief. In western culture we typically avoid thinking about death unless it is necessaryRead MoreEssay on Religious Relativity1017 Words   |  5 PagesBailey Jamile October 11, 2010 Rel 150; T/R 1045-12:00 Relativism Relativism is the theory that truths, values, and norms are different for different people, depending on their cultural, economic, political and religious backgrounds. The theory of religious relativism requires students to tolerate other people’s religious beliefs and practices, at the same time recognizing their own beliefs and practices as just one system in a world of diverse, yet equally legitimate, religious systemsRead MoreCulture and Frog Legs Essay688 Words   |  3 Pagesdownright repugnant. How would you apply the concepts of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism to your perception of these customs? Using your textbook and additional resources, write a two - three page paper addressing the issues of cultural diversity and diet. Be certain to use all three major sociological theories - functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism - in your analysis as well as the terms ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. * The thought of eating toasted ants, fried frog legsRead MoreThe Theory Of Cultural Relativism935 Words   |  4 Pagesopinion is indeed relative. Cultural relativism is the view that individual beliefs and values systems are culturally relative. That is, no one ethnic group has the right to say that their particular system of beliefs and values is in any way better than anyone else’s system of beliefs and values. What may be right for one culture might be wrong for another. There is no absolute standard of right and wrong by which to compare and contrast morally conflicting cultural values. We cannot possibly understandRead MoreEthnocentrism Is A Basic Attitude Expressing The Belief That One? S Own Culture Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesETHNOCENTRISM Ethnocentrism is a basic attitude expressing the belief that one?s own ethnic group or one?s own culture is superior to other ethnic groups or cultures, and that one?s cultural standards can be applied in a universal manner. The term was first used by the American sociologist William Graham Sumner (1840?1910) to describe the view that one?s own culture can be considered central, while other cultures or religious traditions are reduced to a less prominent role. Ethnocentrism is closely

Censorship is a Personal Decision Essay - 1558 Words

Censorship is a Personal Decision One mans vulgarity is anothers lyric. Justice John M. Harlan, Cohen v. California (1971) It is probably no accident that freedom of speech is the first freedom mentioned in the First Amendment: Congress shall make no law...abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. The Constitutions framers believed that freedom of inquiry and liberty of expression were the hallmarks of a democratic society. Freedom of speech, of the press, of association, of assembly and petition -- this set of guarantees, protected by the First Amendment, comprises what we refer to as freedom of†¦show more content†¦Thus, freedom of expression is an end in itself -- and as such, deserves societys greatest protection. It is vital to the attainment and advancement of knowledge, and the search for the truth. The eminent 19th-century writer and civil libertarian, John Stuart Mill, contended that enlightened judgment is possible only if one considers all facts and ideas, from whatever sourc e, and tests ones own conclusions against opposing views. Therefore, all points of view -- even those that are bad or socially harmful -- should be represented in societys marketplace of ideas. It is necessary to our system of self-government and gives the American people a checking function against government excess and corruption. If the American people are to be the masters of their fate and of their elected government, they must be well-informed and have access to all information, ideas and points of view. Mass ignorance is a breeding ground for oppression and tyranny. Beginning in the 1980s, religious fundamentalists and some parents groups have waged a persistent campaign to limit the variety of cultural messages available to American youth by attacking the content of some of the music industrys creative products. These attacks have taken numerous forms, including a call byShow MoreRelatedCensorship Critique Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesJulia Else-Green Eng 103 DE2 October 11, 2008 Critique of â€Å"Censorship: A Personal View† In her essay, â€Å"Censorship: A Personal View† Judy Blume gives readers insight on the impact of censorship based on her personal experiences as a young reader and then later in life as a censored writer. She provides numerous examples of educators who were affected by censorship and chose to take a stand against it (345). Although the piece lacks evidentiary support for these accounts, and draws on sarcasmRead More Censorship and Selection Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Censorship is a dirty word to information professionals. Attempts by individuals or groups to restrict the public from reading, hearing or viewing certain materials due to their content, is enough to send librarians and organizations such as the American Library Association, to the proverbial battle field. However, information professionals from all fields have to make choices about what to include and what not to include in their particular librarys collection. How are these selectionsRead MoreEssay about Censorship1703 Words   |  7 Pages Censorship of Violence Why does anyone care if our society is aggressive? Does the kid who decides to fire a gun into his school do so because he watched Natural Born Killers? Is violence in our communities really causing anyone any abnormal amount of heartache? To the victims, and the families and friends of the victims, surely it does. Perhaps there are still some individuals who care just for the sake of caring, not because they are grieving a loss. But what does it all mean, and what isRead MoreThe Sun Starts To Set As Your Making A Rather Difficult1242 Words   |  5 Pages The sun starts to set as your making a rather difficult decision to stay at home or go have adventures on the town on this beautiful Saturday evening. With your mind set, the decision to go out on the town with friends became your final plan. You have always had a creative mindset for audiofile, always loving to find the deeper message in the words you listen to. As nighttime starts to peak, you finally start to settle in the car along with your friends ready to turn some music on. As you and yourRead MoreThe Amendment Of The United States Constitution833 Words   |  4 PagesThe right to express ones opinions without censorship or restraint can be considered as a basic provision enshrined in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. To elaborate, the first amendment to the constitution prohibit the legislative arm of government in making of any law abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press and prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances. Post this amendment, there have been several cases where the SupremeRead MorePros And Cons Of Censorship1590 Words   |  7 PagesCensorship can be beneficial in some aspects but if used improperly it can also be harmful. Censorship is the control of what people may say or hear, write or read, or see or do. Censorship can affect all forms of art, music, speech, and expression. It can be seen as a means of suppressing free speech, especially in the case of musical lyrics and the impact music has on behaviors. According to Richard Taruskin, â€Å"It is all but irresistible kinesthetic response that music evokes that makes it suchRead More Censorship in Public Schools Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagesschool librarian is forced to resign because she fought the school boards decision to remove Richard Prices The Wanderers, and to quot;restrictquot; the use of Stephen Kings Carrie and Patrick Manns Dog Day Afternoon (Jones 33). -An Indiana school board takes action that leads to the burning of many copies of a textbook that deals with drugs and the sexual behavior of teenagers (Berger 61). These cases of censorship in public schools are not unusual and there is evidence that such challengesRead MorePosition Paper: Censorship1391 Words   |  6 Pages Every structured society has suffered from some form of censorship of literature, art, or entertainment. Plato, the famous the famous Greek philosopher, was the first to record a method of censorship in a democratic society. In his Republic one of the first guidelines Plato designates is that The first thing will be to establish a censorship of the writers of fiction, and let the censors receive any tale of fiction which is good, and reject the bad; and we will desire mothers and nurses to tellRead MoreCensorship Is A Controversial Topic Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pages Censorship in the media that is a very common yet, controversial topic due to the subject matter being around children and the youth. It has sparked attention from many government and public individuals that have demanded a probation on certain age groups. The official start on the entire blockade of certain age groups has started wit h the MPAA† Motion Picture Association of America† in wanting to prohibit certain age groups from viewing certain movies, yet there has always been ways around theRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship On The Internet1558 Words   |  7 PagesGovernment and Politics October 30 2017 Censorship The internet is a vast database that allows for the entire world to be connected. However most people while surfing the internet have come across a censored page, or a website saying that this site has been â€Å"legally† blocked by the government. Censorship is defined as the suppression or prohibition of free speech by preventing a person from saying what they want to say. Typically in modern society, censorship takes place on the internet when certain

British Citizenship Under Neoliberalism Free Essays

string(77) " as it maintains only those who survive or those who won against the others\." Neoliberalism simplifies trade between nations. It involves uncontrolled exchange and movement of goods, services, resources and activities with the aim of acquiring profit leverage with efficiency through cheap resources (Shah, 2007). Neoliberalism espouses the removal of the free trade barriers. We will write a custom essay sample on British Citizenship Under Neoliberalism or any similar topic only for you Order Now These barriers include tariffs, regulations, laws and legislation, and investment restrictions. Neoliberalism is the intensification and expansion of the market through the increase in quantity, frequency, recurrence and formalization of transactions (Treanor). The goal of Neoliberalism is to enhance market competition in every transaction process. These transactions tend to be more competitive if they occur repeatedly for short periods of time. This way the dynamism of the cycle of cost and profit remains active. The basic principles of Neoliberalism include the freedom of trade in goods and services, limitless circulation of capital and, investment capacity and opportunities. The concept of Neoliberalism involves several vital points mainly in reference to the economy. The five points include the rule of the market, reducing public expenditure for social services, privatization, deregulation, and the concept of individual responsibility against public good (Martinez Garcia, 2000). The rule of the market means limitless freedom of the flow and exchange of goods, services and capital. It sustains that the market regulates and balances itself through the dynamics of market demand. The government has a hands-free policy when it comes to the dealings of the private enterprises like the freedom to determine prices of commodities. International trade and investment are likewise encouraged. The next point is the reduction of public expenditure for social services. Social Services comprise health, education and infrastructure development among others. Privatization is a main aspect of Neoliberalism in that it espouses the transfer of the previously state-owned enterprises or businesses like banks, schools and hospitals to private investors. There are two opposing views on privatization. On one hand, it increases efficiency of the enterprise under the ownership of a specialized private group. On the other hand, privatization results to a concentration of wealth and power to a few groups. Deregulation is another aspect of Neoliberalism. It refers to a reduction in the regulating power of the government. Instead, the market is allowed to regulate itself with the aim of maximizing profits. The last point is the concept of individual responsibility versus public good. Each individual is responsible for his or her conditions in life. The decrease in government support to the community for education, health care and social security should be compensated by the individuals themselves. What are the justifications of Neoliberalism? Is it an underlying theory for most of the economic successes of a nation? Neoliberalism promotes the idea of a free market without government interventions in order for resources to be more efficiently distributed to groups in society who can better handle businesses. It likewise supports the idea that privatization of enterprises takes away the inefficiency or incompetency of the public sector in running businesses. Neoliberalism believes that the best way to achieve progress is through continued economic growth and the inevitable road to success is economic globalization. Economic globalization pertains to trade and financial movement as the factors which increase the integration of world economies (IMF Staff, 2000). It is also referred to as the transfer and exchange of knowledge and labor beyond the national boundaries and into the international field. The term Globalization is most often interchangeably used with Neoliberalism because of the similar principles that both concept advocates. Both support free trade as the ultimate means to achieve economic growth. Globalization leans more towards the weakening of national borders and the increase in the assimilation of global policies and trends in the national level. The aspects of Globalization include trade, movement of capital, movement of people and information dissemination and exchange through technology. Information exchange has been significantly globalized due to the proliferation of the internet. The global financial market run on a very fast pace due to the internet where transaction can be done with just one click. Movement of capital involves foreign investment and movement of people refers to employment opportunities outside the home country. These employment opportunities give way to an increasing trend of migration from developing countries to countries with more advanced economies. On the other hand, Neoliberalism is more focused on the nationwide aspect of trade with major effects from the international trade community. Other policies supported by Neoliberalism include the maintenance of competitive exchange rates where market-determined exchange rates are followed instead of government-fixed exchange rates (Neoliberalism). Another policy is fiscal rectitude where expenditures are reduced and taxes are increased to sustain a budget surplus. II. The Neoliberal Revolution in Great Britain Prior to the Neoliberal Revolution, the dominant principle in both Western and most parts of the Third World economies is the Keynesian concept (Ambrose). John Meynard Keynes was an advocate of the idea that government interventions are needed to lead markets in endeavors which would benefit the most number of people. This idea was put to a halt when Neoliberalism began to take shape. In 1975, Margaret Thatcher became opposition Conservative Party head and was elected as Prime Minister in 1979 (Scott, 1997). She was determined to alleviate the condition of the British people from recession to economic greatness. The Neoliberal Revolution started in 1980 with Margaret Thatcher as the main proponent. The proposal of the revolution included decrease in corporate taxes, corporate regulation reduction, public services privatization and abolition of international trade barriers (Moore, 1998). At this time, privatization was a major practice and the primary force of Neoliberalism, as power, assets, rights and responsibilities along with a great deal of autonomy were afforded to private enterprises. Thatcher’s principle of Neoliberalism was supported by her TINA or There Is No Alternative campaign (George, 1999). The significance of Thatcher’s neoliberal policy lies in the idea of competition as an essential part of growth. Nations, regions, companies and individuals compete with each other. This competition makes the market more effective as it maintains only those who survive or those who won against the others. You read "British Citizenship Under Neoliberalism" in category "Papers" Thus, only the best resources, may it be natural, human, physical or financial, are included in the final market competition. It is the belief of Thatcher that people by nature are unequal so there are no worries about issues of social inequality as a hindrance to economic success. Those who are the strongest, more intelligent and well-educated can contribute best to the welfare of the country and its people. On the other side of the fence, the weak and the poorly educated are only responsible for themselves and have themselves to blame for their status. The Neoliberal Revolution introduced changes in policies which brought about the negative effects to the public sector. The budget for the health sector was reduced which meant less free health services for the people and the privatization of health services was started resulting to the charging of fees and introduction of insurance policies (Navarro, 2006). A very important factor in the Neoliberal Revolution is not only the promotion by the U. K. and U. S. governments, but the support it got from international organizations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank and the World Health Organization (WHO). III. Effects of Neoliberalism on British Citizenship The main goal of citizenship is equality among the people. There are three forms of citizenship: civil, political and social citizenship. Civil Citizenship comprises employment, private property and contract protection, and market access. Political Citizenship involve the right to vote and hold public office, while Social Citizenship means the right to the provision of education, health benefits and other social services (Sparke). The rights of the citizens are mainly dependent on the policies of the government. Neoliberalism had a great impact on the government policies in that citizenship was largely affected to its detriment. It is important to note the social policy of Neoliberalism before we move further into a discourse of its negative effects on citizenship. In Neoliberalism, social policy means the provision of equal opportunities available in the market and equal legal treatment to all citizens (Rosch). This is also the measure of social justice. The social policy does not include concern for the social welfare of the people. Its premise lies in individual responsibility where each person is responsible for achieving his or her own social and ethical ideals. This responsibility is not to be shouldered by the government in any way. This social policy is deemed as leaning favorably to those with financial power and is discriminating and pushing those at the lower level of the economic ladder further down. Neoliberalism threw its strongest punch on the social form of citizenship. Social services were privatized and budget cutbacks were enforced as part of the fiscal rectitude policy where expenditures are reduced to maintain a budget surplus. Education, health services, housing, transportation and other social services were stripped off their importance as part of the government’s responsibility to its citizens. Instead, the people are encouraged to strive on their own to meet these needs. The social services organizations were handed over to private institutions which now are to be dealt with if the people need the kinds of services they offer. Since these private enterprises are now competing in an open market, the cost of availing their services becomes expensive and incomparable to the previous benefit that the citizens were receiving from the government. The negative impact is most felt by the underprivileged and advantage is savored by the wealthy and powerful. Civil Citizenship was likewise adversely affected by Neoliberalism in terms of the contract and employment terms. The most notable effect is the reduction, if not elimination of the trade unions which are primarily based in public enterprises. Privatization meant abolishing of the existing systems as the policy making is transferred to the owners of the private companies. Protection of the employee was abandoned with the increasing short term contracts along with short duration of jobs. Employees now are offered shorter tenures which force them to undergo the tedious task of re-applying to companies. With private companies’ anti-union policies, the employees now have nowhere to go. They either sink or swim. Employment opportunities are now available to more competent and well educated individuals. The name of the game became employability or the capacity of the individual to sell his or her services based on the acquired knowledge and skills. This now brings us back to the issue of the advantage of the more financially able citizens. Individuals with access to good education from schools which are now private enterprises and which are now able to charge high fees, has the advantage. The flow of trade money between enterprises, regions and even between nations on a wider scale as espoused by neoliberalism, has a tremendous effect on the electoral system or the political aspect of citizenship. The exercise of electoral right is now deemed futile as doubts are cast upon the veracity of the election results because of the money generated inside the politics arena. Politics, as a powerful venue of pushing legislative programs or business leverage, is considered to be a channel used by some groups or enterprises in advancing their own personal agenda. Neoliberalism has in great part affected the entire nation including the people and how they function in society. Its effects are criticized left and right by different groups as to its advantages and disadvantages. Critics and proponents both have their valid points. It has to be stressed though that for a concept or idea to be considered truly successful is to analyze if a great majority of the people has benefited from the underlying principles of the concept. The ultimate question now is: Has Neoliberalism created a healthy balance between the rich and the poor or has it been an instrument to push the rich to the topmost part of the economic ladder and to push the poor further down the pit? Bibliography Ambrose, S. (n. d. ). The Roots of Corporate Globalization in IMF/World Bank â€Å"Structural Adjustment† Policies. Public Eye. Org. [online] Available from: http://www. publiceye. org/magazine/v18n2/ambrose_imf. html [Accessed 25 June 2007] George, S. (1999, March 24). A Short History of Neo-liberalism. Global Exchange. [online] Available from: http://www. globalexchange. org/campaigns/econ101/neoliberalism. html [Accessed 25 June 2007] IMF Staff. (2000, April 12). Globalization: Threat or Opportunity? International Monetary Fund. [online] Available from: http://www. imf. org/external/np/exr/ib/2000/041200. htm#II [Accessed 25 June 2007] Martinez, E. , Garcia, A. (2000, feb 26). What is â€Å"Neo-Liberalism†? A Brief Definition. Global Exchange. [online] Available from: http://www. globalexchange. org/campaigns/econ101/neoliberalDefined. html [Accessed 25 June 2007] Moore, R. (1998, May). Absolute PowerThe Making of a new World Order. Third World Traveler. [online] Available from: http://www. thirdworldtraveler. com/New_Global_Economy/Absolute_Power. html [Accessed 25 June 2007] Navarro, V. (2006, Oct 23). What is happening at the World Health Organization? The coming election of the WHO Director-General. People’s Health Movement. [online] Available from: http://www. phmovement. org/en/node/279 [Accessed 25 June 2007] Neoliberalism. (n. d. ). Wikipedia. [online] Available from: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Neoliberalism [Accessed 25 June 2007] Rosch, M. (n. d. ). What does neoliberalism mean? Internetseminar. [online] Available from: http://tiss. zdv. uni-tuebingen. de/webroot/sp/barrios/themeA2a. html [Accessed 25 June 2007] Scott, D. (1997). The Path from Old Labour to Tory Neoliberalism to New Labour. People’s News Agency. [online] Available from: http://www. prout. org/pna/uk-capitalism. html [Accessed 25 June 2007] Shah, A. (2007, March 5). A Primer on Neoliberalism. Global Issues. [online] Available from: http://www. globalissues. org/TradeRelated/FreeTrade/Neoliberalism. asp [Accessed 25 June 2007] Sparke, M. (n. d. ). Center for Communication and Civic Engagement. University of Washington. [online] Available from: http://depts. washington. edu/ccce/assets/documents/pdf/Passportsintocreditcards. pdf [Accessed 25 June 2007] Treanor, P. (n. d. ). Neoliberalism: origins, theory, definition. InterNLnet. [online] Available from: http://web. inter. nl. net/users/Paul. Treanor/neoliberalism. html [Accessed 25 June 2007] How to cite British Citizenship Under Neoliberalism, Papers

Movie All About Eve Essay Example For Students

Movie: All About Eve Essay Movie: All About EveEnglish 30Spring 97 In the film All About Eve, (directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and released in1950), Eve Harrison (Anne Baxter) was a young woman with evil running throughher veins. She wanted to be somebody and chose to get there through MargoChanning (Betty Davis) who was a famous stage star. Eve would do whatever ittook to get where she wanted to be, including hurt the ones that trusted her andtook her in as a lost lamb. Though Eve was already evil within and throughout,the people around her made it even easier to acomplish her goals. Margo was one of the most popular stage actresses and put herself high on apedastel, and looked at someone like Eve as being below her, a poor soul thatcould be of no threat to anyone, especially Margo Channing. Eve played the meekand shy girl that idolized Margo. She claimed to attend all the preformaces ofthe play that week due to the fact that she adored Margo and she would havenowhere else to go anyway. Doing this allowed Eve to get her foot in the door. If it wasnt for Margos conceitedness, Eve would have had to work a little bitharder to get this. Margo took her into her home. Margos secretary-aid, Birdie (Thelma Ritter), was the first to sensesomething was strange about Eve, but her position made it not her place to speakher mind. Eve knew this and also knew it would be easy to take control of herposition because of this. It would only seem to Margo that she enjoyed doingthings for her. Eve charmed Bill Simpson (Gary Merrill), director and Margos lover, with herfeminine qualities that Margo lacked. Eve just seemed to be overly interestedin everything Bill had to say about the theater. She used to keep him admiringher and at the same time, drove Margo crazy with jealousy to tear theirrelationship apart. Little did she realize, Bill had no romantic feelingstowards Eve at all, so she blew her cover when she made a pass at him. Karen Richards (Celeste Holm), Margos best friend, was the one that foundand introduced Eve to Margo. She was the type of person that would anything foranyone, sort of niave and trusted Eve from day one. Karen was amazed by Evesdevotion towards her idol. After getting into Margos home, she used Karenskindness to subtly suggest that she would love to replace Margos pregnantunderstudy. Once again she got her way. After Eves first reading, she completely won over Karens husband, LloydRichards (Hugh Marlowe), a playwright. Eve gave him his dream: to have anactress play the part of a character with the same age, eliminating thecomprimises that he normally had to work through with Margo (Margo was mucholder). Eve was fabulous (from studying Margo like a blueprint) . Margothrew a jealousy fit because everyone raved so about her preformance.Now thisbrought Lloyd to the conclusion that Margo was well overdue for a boot. Karens kindness comes back again when Karen sets it up so Margo would missher show so Eve can have her big momentthinking that she was doing good for allconcerned. After the play was when things began to fall apart. She receivedgreat reviews for the preformance and set up an interview with Addison De Witt(George Sanders), well known for degrating people in his column. She knew shecould say whatever she wanted and blame it on De Witt, claiming he changed herwords around, and noone would have trouble believing it. .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a , .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a .postImageUrl , .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a , .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a:hover , .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a:visited , .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a:active { border:0!important; } .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a:active , .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf59b3041bed00b22ed7d82ae5082df1a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drink Up - Drunk Driving Should be Legalized EssayShe pleaded for Lloyds forgiveness, stating that she could not face Margo orthe others. During this vindication, she once again worked her magic giving himthe idea that she would be perfect for his new play, which was created for Margo. She got him to believe, like everyone else, that he came up with the ideainstead of her. Already tired of Margos pushyness and temper tantrums, asidefrom the fact that Eve was the perfect age, it wasnt tough for Lloyd to thinkshe was best. But, he told her, Karen had to agree. By this time most have figured out her evil ways so she knew she had to getoutright nasty to get this part. She blackmailed Karen announcing that De Wittsaid she best agree to her

Cornell University 2017-2018 Essay Prompts and Examples

Cornell University is the largest school in the Ivy League and offers a huge range of academic programs. Interested in applying? Located in Ithaca, NY, Cornell University is known for its diverse academic programs and cold weather in upstate NY. Before you think about putting Cornell down on your college list, make sure it really is the best fit for you.Think you’d thrive in Cornell’s community and environment? Next, you need to decide which undergraduate college or school you want to apply to. It might be difficult to decide immediately what you want to major in, and you might change your mind after you enrolling, but there has to be something you are interested in studying! Here are the 8 undergraduate college or school you can apply to: College of Agriculture and Life Sciences College of Architecture, Art and Planning College of Arts and Sciences Cornell SC College of Business: Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management Cornell SC College of Business: School of Hotel Administration College of Engineering College of Human Ecology School of Industrial and Labor Relations Cornell University’s application only asks for one additional supplemental essay: Why are you interested in studying at Cornell University? Each undergraduate college/school has a specific question you need to answer. The response is limited to 650 words. So, choose your undergraduate college or school at Cornell and find the essay prompt you need to respond to below: College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Why are you drawn to studying the major you have selected? Please discuss how your interests and related experiences have influenced your choice. Specifically, how will an education from the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS) and Cornell University help you achieve your academic goals? Example: Sakilan - Accepted to Cornell University 19 Sakilan! Youre going to miss your stop! my sister yelled. A ladybug had gotten trapped in the back of our yellow bus, a rare occurrence. I stared at it curiously, anticipating its next movement. I was so engrossed in the bug that I had missed my stop. View her full Why Cornell supplemental essay. College of Architecture, Art, and Planning Describe two or three of your intellectual interests and why you are excited to pursue them within your chosen major in AAP. What personal experiences, background, or future goals will you bring to your scholarly and artistic pursuits at Cornell? (Please limit your response to 650 words.)Example: bettyyyh - Cornell University 15 Civilization is an art in which people are living, interacting, and connecting together. It is a way to harmonize and stabilize the environment and resources distinct to a location. Architecture should exist the same way; it needs to become a system that is engaging and interdependent to the people, the land, and the resources of a location. The world is changing fast, and our lifestyle and architecture needs to keep up. I propose that we begin thinking of architecture in a new way. Buildings and spaces not only house us, but also shape and change us. Our relationships and interactions are molded by architecture and the spaces which are part of our physical, social, economic, and political surroundings. View her full Cornell application file. College of Arts and Sciences Describe two or three of your current intellectual interests and why they are exciting to you. Why will Cornell’s College of Arts and Sciences be the right environment in which to pursue your interests?Example: Yoso - Cornell University 19 The traffic light turns orange. It’s about to become red. With only seconds to act, accessing sensory signals from the eye, your brain quickly calculates the intensity of the push of your foot and acceleration at which you need to stop in time. Then it orders your muscles to press down on the brake. Your timing is perfect. Unlock his full Cornell application file! College of Engineering Cornell Engineering celebrates innovative problem solving that helps people, communities†¦the world. Consider your ideas and aspirations and describe how a Cornell Engineering education would allow you to leverage technological problem-solving to improve the world we live in.Example: Cornell2021 - Cornell University 21 People in my community believe the only way to be successful is to pursue medicine or engineering and arts are looked down upon here.I have a science background but am also interested in the deeper questions of existence, such as one encounters in philosophy. I don’t want to let go of my passions. Instead, I want to study at Cornell, where, far from being looked down upon, interdisciplinary study that includes the liberal arts are treasured through its unique independent study option, independent major, and distributional requirement system which will give me freedom in designing my curriculum and will let me explore a wide range of fields, from philosophy to literature.Continue reading his Why Cornell supplemental essay. College of Human Ecology How have your experiences influenced you to apply to the College of Human Ecology? How will your choice of major impact your goals and plans for the future?Example: Riya957 - Cornell University 19 I decided I wanted to become a doctor when I was seven years old. I want to care for the most vulnerable. I developed this urge after I experienced a family friend’s death, especially after seeing overcrowded Elmhurst Hospital in New York. Since then, my interest in the sciences, especially biology, grew. View her full Why Cornell supplemental essay. School of Industrial and Labor Relations Tell us about your intellectual interests, how they sprung from your course,service, work or life experiences, and what makes them exciting to you. Describe how ILR is the right school for you to pursue these interests.Example: Maxw2021 -Cornell University 21 Like the Strait, I’m a fluid connective body, but instead of serving as natural barrier or political divide, I seek to reconcile strained relations. Given my strong interests in cross-cultural mediation, inclination to manage disputes, coursework in interdisciplinary social sciences, and leadership and employment positions, I seek â€Å"to solve human problems [and] manage and resolve conflicts† within Cornell’s School of Industrial and Labor Relations (ILR).Read his full â€Å"Why Cornell† supplemental essay! Cornell SC Johnson College of Business: Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management How have your interests and experiences influenced your decision to study Applied Economics and Management? Describe how you would take advantage of the Dyson School’s unique opportunities, for example, its affiliation with both the Cornell SC Johnson College of Business and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.Example: Andrew.b - Cornell University 18 The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 turned my life in the right direction. Who, outside of certain savvy Wall Street investors, ever makes that statement? I do. I did not make exorbitant amount of money like they did at the time. I was, after all, only an eighth grader. More importantly to me, the salient feature of the crisis was not how some profited, but how most suffered. The crisis challenged me to a new level of empathy and introduced me to the world of finance and economics as I began looking into what caused the collapse. Subprime mortgages, collateralized debt obligations, and credit default swaps were foreign terms to me, but that was about to change. Watching business and financial documentaries became common late-night practice. Could I someday know enough to make a difference? I was alive with purpose. I was hooked. Unlock his full successful Cornell application file. Cornell SC Johnson College of Business: School of Hotel Administration The global hospitality industry includes hotel and foodservice management, real estate, finance, entrepreneurship, marketing, technology, and law. Describe what has influenced your decision to study business through the lens of hospitality. What personal qualities make you a good fit for SHA?Example: bweintraub - Cornell University 2021 I am an anomaly among my peers. While many of them wrestle with the uncertainty of not knowing what they want to do or be in the future, I have always known. Even in elementary school, when the popular options were superhero or sports legend, I had altogether different aspirations. If you had asked me then, my answer would be the same as it is today: I want to work in the hospitality industry.Unlock his full successful Cornell application file. ——— Interested in reading successful essay examples that got students accepted into the Cornell University? Unlock all of them in one go withour curated package. Ourpremium plansoffer different level of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your dream school. Unlock any of ourpackagesor search ourundergraduate profile databaseto find specific profiles that can help you make an informed choice about where to apply!

Essay on how to make egg roles

Essay on how to make egg roles Essay on how to make egg roles â€Å"All men are created equal.† Black, white, brown, short, tall, smart, and dumb, all are created equally. Therefore every person deserves fair chance at life. Unfortunately, it is a fact that not everyone is born normal and able to do a task unlike a common person, who does not have any disabilities. According to the National Association of the Deaf, â€Å"Almost 10 percent of all American have some kind of hearing loss. These ten percent suffer from unfair treatment from professional, social and government service providers, including court and police†. Obviously, because deaf and hard of hearing have limited hearing, their communication and social skills are below a common hearing person. Therefore, most of these people are ignored, neglected, and discriminated against. However, a citizen protected by the American with Disabilities Act, deaf and hard of hearing people deserve equal rights and must be treated equally as if they were a person with no disabilities. T his ensures a future in a deaf or hard of hearing person’s life. They now can get jobs without the discrimination of employers, which is a great thing for not only deaf people, but to all disabled persons around the United States. If everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedom that is said in the Declaration, disabled people should not be robbed of their rights, yet they seem to be unvalued and less able to work than a normal person. Which is not true. A deaf person is just as abled as a hearing person only they can’t hear. They can walk around living life and no one will notice until they are asked about it. To solve this problem, on July 26, 1990, President George Bush signed the ADA law that serves and protects people with disabilities. This law prohibits discrimination against the disabled by employers. When the law was signed, new doors opened for the deaf and hard of hearing community for a better opportunity. If a deaf or hard of hearing employee can pass the essential part of the job qualification, he or she is protected by the ADA to be hired. Also, the ADA prohibits employers to discriminate disabled people in means of job applications procedures, pay rates, and promotions. The second title, Title II,

Humes Account Of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Humes Account Of Justice - Essay Example Regarding the nature of justice, especially in case of ownership of a property, Hume finds out some natural motivations for justice, like public interest, self-love and private benevolence. Applying thoughts and reasoning, all the motivations fail to stand as a valid justification, Hume arrives at a point and explains that our sense of justice is not naturally grounded. Justice as per Hume becomes an artificial outcome of human convention and education. Hume explains the emergence of sense of justice from primitive societies and its transition into more advanced societies. Hume explains the dependency of an individual on the society for survival and by the motivation of self-love an individual wants to advance society. At this instant all maintain themselves to respect the acquired passions of others and recognize the stability of possessions as the basic requirement to keep society intact. This concept propagates to provide a sense of common interest, respect for the social norms, a nd a sense of trust in the consistent behavior of others. In this way the process forms a common ground for justice and also forms opinions about property, right and obligation. Hume points that single acts of justice mostly goes in contradiction with the public good, whereas the common experience teaches us that public good is achieved when justice is made as rule.

Integration of ERP Systems in Accounting Practice Essay

Integration of ERP Systems in Accounting Practice - Essay Example This paper illustrates that beginning the early 1990s, the world has embraced technological advancement in literary all fields of application, including business management and organization. A prime example of technological adoption is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in business management. ERP is software for business management that enables organizations to use an integrated applications system for the business management. The software integrates all paradigms of business operation, including manufacturing, development, marketing, and sales. ERP software incorporates various enterprise software modules that an organization may decide to purchase, depending on its technical capabilities and business needs. Particular ERP modules focus on specific areas of business processes, such as marketing or development. Among the popular ERP include those that tackle material purchasing, product planning, accounting, distribution, human resource, distribution, inventory control, marketing, a nd finance. The consistent growth of the popularity of the ERP methodology, businesses, and organizations are increasingly adopting the use of ERP for management and organization, particularly in the accounting field. In their case study on the introduction of an ERP system in an Ivy League University, Wagner, Moll, and Newell outline an array of accountability and management control issues associated with the system, including dependency of the ERP systems on the entanglement of technology and users (socio-material assemblage). Others include the probability of ERP packages not to capture management accounting despite the particularity of the design, affordability, and power of community practice that influence the integration of the accounting logics within the system. Moreover, the study highlights the possibility of employee resistance in cases of incompatibility with practice legacy logic, and the need for reconfiguration, which is in misalignment with traditional system develo pment theories and vendors (Wagner and Newell, 2004:314). Another significant challenge that the ERP systems face is different context of use concerning the scope and type of modifications made in the post-roll-out phase, a factor that may influence the relational and on-linear nature of accounting literature. Summarily, the main problem result from misalignments legacy practices in the adopting organization and best practise embedded in the ERP systems. The authors of the study attribute the above problems are particularly common in packaged software implementation, thus necessitating early detection of any misalignments in system configuration and selection. Nonetheless, the authors acknowledge that complex and externally regulated misalignments tend to surface much later in the implementation phase, citing the case of the one of the Ivy League Universities (hereafter â€Å"Ivy†) as an example. Empirical evidence from recent studies indicate that conflicts and intense effor ts surface in the early stages of custom-built software development-use cycle, but in tailor-made software, these issues only surface at the later stages of implementation (Pouloudi and Whitley, 2000:341). Consequently, this highlights the need to address misalignment issues in the post-roll out phase. Indeed, the case study focuses primarily on this particular stage, highlighting the turnaround processes that address the misalignment and the subsequent emergence of a working ERP system. It is important to note that a working ERP system is essentially one that is different applicant within the organization use and accepts, but not necessarily the ideal one from any particular perspective (Yeow and Sia, 2000:15). The â€Å"

Why Does Locke Believe That Slavery Violates Natural Law Essay

Why Does Locke Believe That Slavery Violates Natural Law - Essay Example Slavery is contrary to the law of nature as the man does not surrender his liberty when becoming the member of society. He is not coerced by any legislative authority since that legislative power in the â€Å"commonwealth† is entrusted by the consent of the individual, not by coercion or restraints of law and the legislative takes care of the trust of the people of the commonwealth. â€Å"[Individual is] not to be subject to the inconstant, uncertain, unknown, arbitrary will of another man: as freedom of nature is, to be under no other restraint but the law of nature.†(1) (italics are of the writer) A man can not surrender his freedom to any arbitrary power for surrendering his freedom puts his life at stake.In that state, he does not have â€Å"power of his own life† therefore by consent or by force he does not allow any absolute power to make him a slave. Though Locke confessed that in the past, (one must remember that empiricist eulogized the glory of past), i n the Jews and in other nations people sold themselves (Locke is not ready to believe that they were made slaves instead he deliberately used the phrase â€Å"men did sell themselves†) to do the manual work. Locke says that it is evident that the person who sold himself voluntarily did not become a slave of some despot. Bertrand Russell suggests that this theory of the law of nature and the state of nature is clear but puzzling also. Locke is utilitarian in his ethics but in his thoughts, he does not seem to think by following his own utilitarian ethics. His theory is confounded on the subject of good laws and bad laws. He is indebted to Bible for his parameters of ethics as to him moral rules are Divine rules so it is the law of nature to decide which action is good and which one is punishable. The great objection to the law of nature is that in the state of nature there is no judge to decide the disputes of the people and a person has to defend his rights.

Relationship Between Transformational Leadership And Employee Wellbeing Management Essay

Relationship Between Transformational Leadership And Employee Wellbeing Management Essay Leadership has been defined by various authors in different ways. According to Barron and Greenberg (1990 cited in Rollinson, 2005) leadership is the name of the process where a person influences a group of other persons or members and motivates them for the achievement of some specified group or organizational objectives. According to Rollinson (2005)in other words leadership can be defined as a process in which a person interact with his followers in such a way that he influences the actions of his followers in a non-coercive way to achieve specified goals and objectives. To manipulate the efforts of individuals in most effective way it is the leader who plays an important role. An intellectual and a dynamic leader provides personal attention to his employees, provides encouragement of specific behaviour in workers through personal stimulation, empowers them in terms of decision making and problem solving (Sashkin and Rosenbach 1993, cited in Nielsen et al ,2009). In addition employees well being at work both physically and psychologically is the most important factor for the success and achievement of organizational goals. These are the transformational leaders who make sure about the interests of their employees, their wellbeing in terms of physical and mental health and about their satisfaction of the job (Bass, 1999). Transformational Leadership: Transformational leaders are the leaders who make sure and protect the interests of their employees, subordinates and colleagues and they broaden and elevate their interests as well. They create motivation and attention amongst their followers to the purpose of their group and/or organization in such a way that they give preference to the interests of their organization over their own personal interests. (Nielsen et al, 2009). The term Transformational Leadership was used by Burns in 1978. According to Bass (1985, cited in Humphreys, 2005) transformational leaders create enthusiasm and awareness in their employees in a way that they struggle more and work hard effectively for the betterment and success of their organization and for the achievement of their organizational objectives. They engage themselves with their followers in such a way that they enhance each other capability and moral in the terms so that the goals of each person come together in the best interest of the organization. According to Bass (1990) the principle of the transformational behaviour is that the relationship between the leader and the follower should not be based on something like personal interest and value system, so acting upon this principle the transformational leader keeps his followers unite and in addition he transforms the objectives of his followers in most positive way towards the success of organization. He influences his employees by demonstrating; Individual Consideration Intellectual Stimulation Inspirational Motivation Charisma Avolio (et al 1991, cited in Humphreys, 2005) explains the above qualities of leadership as follows: Individual Consideration: The most important factor of the individual consideration is that the transformational leaders understand the needs of their employees and they know that these needs also change with the passage of time, and they keep themselves aware about any kind of differences amongst the employees. They also keep a close eye on the performance of their followers and on any kind of hurdles that may distract the efficiency of the individuals, and they take effective measures to remove these kinds of obstacles. They act as a guide and mentor to each individual and they advise them in order to improve their efficiency. Intellectual Stimulation: By demonstrating intellectual stimulations the transformational leaders convince their followers to change and adopt new ways and strategies in solving the problems and difficulties faced by each individual, by enhancing their behaviour, attitude and values, and for this purpose they give solid reasons to followers so that they can change their thinking about the issues regarding their work capability. Inspirational Motivation: The quality of inspiration and motivation in a transformational leader is the image which is created in the eyes of followers by demonstrating personal consideration and intellectual stimulation. The transformational leaders inspire and motivate employees to achieve the organizational goals by focussing the important factors in a very easy and simple way. This behaviour of the transformational leaders maximizes the confidence and encouragement of the staff which help the employees in tackling the problems in the time of crises. Charisma: Transformational leaders are the persons who are given respect and honour by their followers and also the followers show confidence and commitment upon them. It is a crucial step for the transformational leader to achieve a charisma in the eyes of the followers (Bass, 1990). The charismatic behaviour of the transformational leadership is depicted by Bass as a behavioural and attributed idealized influence which is considered to be created by individual consideration, intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation along with trust and emotional relation with the leader (Avolio et al., 1991, cited in Humphreys, 2005). Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Employee Wellbeing: Close relationships have been reported between Transformational Leadership and employee wellbeing and job satisfaction. The term wellbeing includes physical, mental, social, intellectual and spiritual health as well. The relationship between the leader and the employee is a very important factor in employee wellbeing. Employee Wellbeing: According to CIPD Change Agenda creating an environment to promote a state of contentment which allows an employee to flourish and achieve their full potential for the benefit of themselves and their organization. In an organization having a transformation leadership style, there is always a close and strong relationship between the employees and the managers and thats why the level of employee wellbeing remains high. Transformational leader keep themselves aware about the workload on a group or on an individual, their likes and dislikes and their need etc and in this way they are more likely to create an environment in the organization where a high level of individual and group wellbeing is achieved. Employees wellbeing at work: The wellbeing of employees at work is the most essential factor for the achievement of organizational goals and all the organizations try their best to be in a healthy environment. Employers are realizing now that they should have a wellbeing strategy to improve mental and physical health of their staff. Most of employers now provide private health insurance and some employers provide also access to gym and counselling. If the employees in an organization are physically, mentally and socially healthy then this must contribute to their success. On the other hand the imbalance of work load, threat of insecurity, irritative relation amongst the employees or with the line managers and a lack of empowerment will result a high rate of stress, absence, inefficient staff performance, and concerns about job satisfaction. According to CIPD absence management survey (2006, cited in CIPD, 2007) the work related stress and mental conditions are the main reasons of employees absence and according to that survey the average rate of absence is eight days per employee per year which costs the organizations about  £600 per year per employee. According to ESRC (2006) report around 28 million days are lost every year due to staff absence. It is estimated that stress costs businesses about  £3.8 billion per year (Health and Safety Executive, 2006, cited in Baptiste, 2007 ). The organizations that have realized that the health and safety, employee wellbeing and their satisfaction about job is the most important factor in terms of good performance and goal achievements and they have made investments in employees wellbeing these institutions are enjoying the advantages of their healthy and confident workforce towards their organizational success. (Peccie, 2004, cited in Baptiste, 2007). Under the transformational leadership style the employees in an organization are given the opportunity to apply and enhance their knowledge and skills to get the job done. Institute of Directors discovered that wellbeing satisfy the small businesses in terms of client requirements, controlling insurance charges, increase production and it also satisfies, attracts and motivates the staff (IOD 2006, cited in CIPD, 2007). According to Baptiste In the organizations where the employees have a voice and they have provided with support and encouragement from their leaders they work more effectively and their positive behaviour and commitment results in best performance and productivity. HRM practices which create a relationship between leadership and employees, and help in developing trust and engagement, also contribute towards the effective attitude of employees and ensure wellbeing at work which consequently results in better performance. According to Ilies, R., Morgeson, P. F., Nahragang, J, D.,(2005) the positive organizational scholarships ensure the effective organizational behaviour which results in enhanced employees wellbeing and is distinguished from traditional organizational studies in that it seeks to understand what represents and approaches the best of the human condition . The recent theories and discussions regarding the positive and ethical leadership in organizations have induced to a combine effort to ensure all the effective approaches to leadership. Within the context of increasingly important field of employee wellbeing and the positive characteristics of human functioning like positive emotions, hope, struggle for the achievements of organizational objectives for the social and mental health and wellbeing. According to Avolio Gardner, 2005 this combine effort consequently results in the positive leadership approaches like transformational, inspirational, charismatic leadership. These kinds of le aders are trustworthy and they keep themselves aware about their own values as well as they modify their employees thinking and objectives in terms of positive organizational context. Trainings to manage workplace stress: Shuttleworth, A., (2005) states, since its the duty of the employers to take care of their workers and which is mentioned in the Health and Safety at Work Regulation 1999, the HSE draft management standard has revealed the accountability cases that employers face due to workplace stress. In February 2000 a former post office manager made a claim against stress related sickness due to extra work load and he got  £175000. Employers are now engaged in essential trainings to overcome stress related issues at workplace such as bullying, to enhance empowerment, improve resilience to stress. Furthermore the organizations are emphasising the senior management and leaders to be actively participate to support and develop the initiative and its design. Role of Transformational Leader in Combating Employees Negativity: According to Avey, J, B., (2008) now a day in the print media special attention has been paid to the soaring figures of employees working hours and to the level of its stress. It is the result of the new global market trends in the world economy where due to an increase in the demands, the organizations are putting extra pressure on their employees to work for extra hours which is resulting in some negative effects like cynicism and their decisions to quit the jobs etc but a less importance has been given to these issues regarding workers negativity and how to overcome these negative factors. Previous theories and researches have shown that the transformational leadership help in combating employees negativity and enhanced their psychological wellbeing, empowerment, self confidence and independence which results in subsequent engagement and satisfaction about job. (Dvir et al, 2002). According to Avolio et al, (2004) transformational leadership empowers and motivates employees to job commitment. And empowerment subsequently results in job satisfaction; it reduces work related strain and also enhances employees efficiency positively (Avey et al., 2008). It reduces the level of disappointment and anger in employees feelings regarding their job (Judge and Ilies, 2004). In the development of positive and effective organizational behaviour the recent studies (Avey et al., 2008) have shown that there is a close relationship among the psychological capital, performance and absenteeism (Avey et al., 2008). According to Harter, J, K., Schmidt, F, L., and Keys C, L, M., (2003) by demonstrating the individual consideration, intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation the transformational leaders provide an opportunity to their employees where there is no presence of strain (too much challenges) or boredom (too little challenges) which affects adversely the quality and quantity of employee performance as well as their standard of life (Edwards, Caplan, Van Hrrison, 1998). In this kind of environment the workers face interesting and meaningful job tasks as Brim (1992) has called manageable difficulties and Csikszentmihalyi (1997) called as optimal states, it is the state where workers feel themselves as energetic, productive, growing, happy and engaged, and it is the situation where the demands are equal to or slightly above the level of resources (Waterman, 1993). By enhancing the workers emotional wellbeing and their satisfaction with work and workplace, transformational leader s promote the quality of individuals life as well as the productivity of entire community which consequently results in organizational outcomes in terms of best productivity, profitability, employee turnover and customer loyalty etc. Role of Empowerment: Empowerment is a main factor of the transformational leadership style in terms of work satisfaction and enhanced employees psychological wellbeing. The relationship of empowerment to job satisfaction is founded positive and it is related negatively to work strain (Avey, et al., 2008). In terms of a motivational means the empowerment consists of four cognitions like meaning, competence, self determination and impact. The meaning refers to the individuals personal standards to the value of work objective. Competence refers to the trust and confidence in the individuals mind regarding their ability to perform their organizational job tasks with personal skills. Self determination means the concept in the employees mind that they have some options and choices to start and regulate their job activities and strategies and the term impact refers to the level of individual influence on strategies and operating consequences. Role of Leadership, Empowerment and Positivity in combating employee negativity Figure 1. source from Avey et al (2008). Transformational leadership is positively related to empowerment (Kark et al., 2003, cited in Avey et al., 2008). Positive work outcomes like good performance and job satisfaction is positively related to the transformational relationship (Lowe et al., 1996, cited in Avey et al., 2008). Followers of the transformational leader found that they perform their job duties in most positive way and with most self confidence (Bono and Judge 2003). This gives further support to the theories that the followers of the transformational leaders are more empowered in term of decision making, greater autonomy and ownership etc. Transformational Leadership, Employee Attitude and Job Commitment: According to Kelloway, E, K and Barling Julian (2000) the concept that the transformational leadership which consists of the four important dimensions of Individual consideration, Intellectual stimulation, Inspirational motivation and Charisma is now well established in the literature (Avolio, 1999; Bass, 1985; 1990; 1998; Conger and Kanungo, 1987; House, 1977). Problems are also identified by various authors in the measurement of transformational leadership (e.g., Bycio et al., 1995; Carless, 1998) and there is enough support as well for the transformational leadership in relation to efficiency, production, quality and other attitude related to outcomes. The employees behaviour towards organization in terms of job commitment (Barling et al., 1996; Bycio et al., 1995), fairness sense in the organization (Pillai et al., 1999), trust in leader (Pillai et al., 1999; Podsakoff et al., 1995), satisfaction with job and with leader (Hater and Bass, 1988; Koh et al., 1995) etc are also linke d with the transformational leadership. Role of Leadership and Leader-member exchange: According to Jean Lee (2005) the most comprehensive theory is the multi-factor leadership theory that holds a range of leadership behaviours (Jean Lee, 2005). Transformational leaders enhance the relationship with their employees in such a way that prove more than an economic and social exchange. The current studies have revealed that the relationship of transformational leadership is related to effective efforts (Jean Lee, 2005), leaders satisfaction and trust (Jean Lee, 2005) and to the employees respect for the leader (Conger et al., 2000). The transformational leadership style creates a meaningful exchange, remove status barrier and physical distances between leader and employees. They also maximize the level of exchange with their employees (Jean Lee, 2005). By setting themselves as a role model for employees transformational leader enhance the level of trust and contribution because the employees feel that their leader is sacrificing and taking risks for the benefits of the gro up or team (Jean Lee, 2005). From the above data it can be observed that transformational leadership has a positive association with affect, loyalty, contribution and professional respect. Role of Emotional Intelligence: According to Barling, j, Slater, F and Kelloway (2000), as it is obvious from the literature (Barling et al., 2000) that the theory of transformational leadership has gained more scrutiny and we now know that there is a close relationship between transformational leadership and employees satisfaction (Barling et al., 2000), job commitment and trust ( Barling et al., 2000) and further more it is linked with work unit performance (Barling et al., 2000). Some present studies are now emphasising on another component Emotional Intelligence which may induce leaders to adopt transformational attitude (EQ). According to Salovey and Mayer (1990) and Golman (1995, cited in Barling et al., 2000) the emotional intelligence consists of five features such as knowledge of ones emotions, the way of managing them, self control over own emotions ability to delay indulgence, and to manage the relationship. Golman argues that high emotional intelligence in a leader lead to use transformational behaviou rs because they know and have control over their own emotions and represent themselves as a role model for their workers which develops their trust in and honour for the leader. Secondly leader with high emotional intelligence knows about other emotions and they can easily judge the limits to which followers expectations could be improved. Another important factor of individualized consideration is that with emotional intelligence the leader understands their workers needs and they react to them accordingly that result in managing and enhancing relationship positively. Conclusion: Transformational leaders play a vital role in the success of organizations. By demonstrating individual consideration, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and charismatic behaviour they create an ideal environment for their followers and subordinates in which the purpose of the individuals and/or group comes together in the best interest of the organization. In addition they promote the wellbeing of their followers and subordinates in terms of physical and mental health which in turn develops the trust and their satisfaction about the job as well as trust among the employees and in the leader. In return under the transformational leadership and a healthy environment the organizations enjoy the benefits of their healthy workforce in terms of best performance, productivity and profitability.

Essay --

As time changes, so does everything else in the world. Scientists have been finding numerous ways to improve our ordinary technology and they have succeeded, but what about transportation? Over the years, scientists have improved transportation by simply thinking out of the box. Cars have evolved from being animals people ride on to automobiles people ride in. For example, the use of transportation was the use of donkeys and horses from the Middle Ages all the way to the 18th century; people loved the idea of wagons and horses because it was the easiest way to get from place to place (5). The first car to ever be made was invented by Karl Benz in 1886 and it had three wheels; Benz also built the first successful gasoline powered vehicle to ever be seen but it was very expensive (9). As the idea of cars came about, people thought it was ten times better than using wagons and horses; the car was the quicker and easier way for people to travel around. Furthermore, the first affordable car to be invented was made by Henry Ford in 1903, and it was a four-wheeler that was also a gasoline powered car; it was called the Model T, and it was very unsafe because it didn't have anything to protect the driver (10). As cars kept improving over the years, inventors and sci entists found new ways to keep people safe in their cars; the seatbelt was then invented by Nils Bohlin and it was first introduced by Volvo in 1959 (1). Since more people were buying cars, inventors and scientists wanted to make it a safer experience, so they came up with a way for people to not fly out of their cars; this surely kept the accident rate down. In less than two hundred years, transportation went from animals to vehicles; scientists have made cars safer, easier, ... ... fiberglass, and even steel (3). As boats became larger and heavier, scientists found the need to accompany those characteristics with different materials to help boats stay afloat, remain durable, and still be able to navigate. With the creation of boats, people's lives have changed and will continue to do so with the help of new technology and scientists daring to think of the unimaginable. It is not a surprise that technology has come to be as advanced as it is now but along with it, transportation has also evolved and continues to do so in the biggest way possible. From cars to boats to rockets, transportation is important for human beings to get around and it has advanced greatly with the help of scientists and regular people who chose to think bigger. Scientists are just beginning with these new inventions, so who knows what new transportation will come next.

Albert Einstein and his Theory of Relativity Essay

Albert Einstein was a man who had such a great mind. He has altered the way man perceives the world armed with a pen and a paper. He saw farther behind nature’s drape than anyone else has ever done besides Newton, and from then on, he lived the rest of his life pulling the drape down for his humility (Pellegrini 1). Today, when the word genius is being uttered, no one else’s face come to mind than his. An exceptional trait appears to radiate in that gloomy and wrinkled exterior, with its tangled white hair that resembles a halo and its expressive brown eyes. The trait was that of a genius, a combination of extraordinary intelligence and thorough imagination that transported him beyond the limits of man’s long – standing scientific convictions and penetrated further into the material uncertainties of the cosmos than any man who came before him (Pellegrini 1; White 96). If there is one thing common in all things in the world, it is relativity. Time, mass, and speed are relative. Light is not weightless, space has bends, and â€Å"coiled with a pound of water,† any substance, is the volatile force of 14 million tons of trinitrotoluene (Pellegrini 2; AllAboutScience. org; Trefil & Hazen). By the end of the twentieth century, these things have been scientifically proven, 100% because of the man with a great mind (Pellegrini 2; AllAboutScience. org; Trefil & Hazen; White 98). Man is likely not to condemn the man for the atomic bomb, to any further extent than they condemn Noble for the dynamite (Pellegrini 2; White 98). For it was not the quiet scientist rather the generals the world over who falsified his equation into the most horrible dagger in the history of humanity (Pellegrini 2). At that point in time, the rest of the world has already made him into an icon, the most celebrated prophet since Newton and science’s profound soul. He is genius personified. In a hardly any stroke of sophistication he confined man’s world into that of the universe in a similar equation, and altered forever the manner man perceive the cosmos as well as themselves. It was in the year 1905 when he, the extraordinarily confident and constantly unkempt 26 year old scientist forwarded three papers, written in his free time, to the leading publication, Annalen der Physik to be made available in print if there was space (Pellegrini 3; AllAboutScience. org). All three of the papers have been published, and they did just what he expected they would: altered the way man perceives the world. The genius behind such breakthrough would remain anonymous for quite some time though. He turned his Theory of Special Relativity into the Theory of General Relativity which states that light has weight, and that space and time were basically space – time (Pellegrini 3; AllAboutScience. org; Trefil & Hazen; White 100). The Fundamentals of Einstein’s theory Einstein’s theory is one of the most important scientific breakthroughs of all time. Though he established the Theory of Relativity, his main contribution to the advances of science was the identification that in a vacuum, light speed is constant (Pellegrini 3; AllAboutScience. org; Trefil & Hazen; White 103). Vacuum is a definite physical border for motion (Pellegrini 3; AllAboutScience. org; Trefil & Hazen; White 103). This is not so significant in an individual’s daily activities because man travel at a speed much slower than that of light (AllAboutScience. org; Trefil & Hazen). Nevertheless, in reference to the Theory of Relativity, objects moving closer to the speed of light will move at a slower speed and would seem to be shorter in length from the view of a person observing from the planet Earth (White 105). He also derived the formula, E = mc2, which shows the relationship of mass and energy (Pellegrini 2; AllAboutScience. org; Trefil & Hazen). For the success of his concepts on the subjects of relativity, photoelectric effect, as well as blackbody radiation, he was awarded a Nobel Prize in the year 1921 (AllAboutScience. org). The Inherent Limitations of Einstein’s theory Over the years, scientists have carried out several experiments to validate the implications of the Einstein’s theory and develop certain fields as Cosmology and Particle Physics (Pellegrini 3; AllAboutScience. org). Yet, some doubt the capacity of the theory to explain as many physical events as has been previously postulated, with several scientists disputing in opposition to it completely (Pellegrini 3; AllAboutScience. org). Despite the consequences, just like any other scientific theories, it is not the absolute, complete, and ultimate explanation of the cosmos. Being a scientific theory as it is, it has postulations and estimates of nature and in the end, can not explain some phenomena on the whole (AllAboutScience. org). Einstein’s theory, similar to the Theory of Evolution by Charles Darwin, was popularized as a â€Å"scientific truth† since it presents a basic description to the complexity examined in the natural cosmos (Pellegrini 3; AllAboutScience. org). Earlier than 1920 until the time of his death in the year 1955, he attempted to discover laws of Physics much more broad that what has been known since he came (Pellegrini 3; AllAboutScience. org; Trefil & Hazen; White 102). With regards to his theory, the gravity had been an example of the geometry of both time and space. Other forces present in nature, primarily the force of electromagnetism is yet to be explained in like terms (Pellegrini 3; AllAboutScience. org; Trefil & Hazen). However, it appeared that as far as he is concerned, the concepts of electromagnetism and gravity could be described as expressions of certain broader mathematical configuration. The search for a description for a unified field theory which would reconcile the two concepts as well as that of time and space, generally consumed a large portion of his life than any other pursuit (AllAboutScience. org; Trefil & Hazen). In point of fact, for the most part his life was devoted in an attempt to formulate a Unified Theory of Physics to unite the concept of electromagnetism to that of relativity (AllAboutScience. org). He has failed and up to this day, no one had ever reconciled such concepts (Pellegrini 3; AllAboutScience. org; Trefil & Hazen; White 105). The Use and Abuse of Einstein’s theory Besides being misused as an indisputable fact, Einstein’s Theory of Relativity has been abused in subjects further than gravitational phenomenon even within the scientific community. His theory was the foundation of the Big Bang Theory which suggests the origin of the cosmos (Pellegrini 2; AllAboutScience. org; Trefil & Hazen; White 96). Similarly, the Theory of Evolution centered on the origin of the species and, eventually, on that of man. Still both theories are frequently discussed as if they are in themselves two ends of a bigger combined theory. In point of fact, both are not theories in continuity, rather distinct theories concerning two entirely dissimilar physical phenomena (Pellegrini 3; AllAboutScience. org; Trefil & Hazen; White 105). Moreover, the purpose of his theory is to explain physical laws of the cosmos alone, not that of philosophy, faith or even the Almighty (Pellegrini 2; AllAboutScience. org). For example, the Theory of Relativity as well as the theoretical principle of moral relativism has nothing in common aside from the word relative, still others consider the two ideas to be synonymous (AllAboutScience. org). Others may possibly claim that moral relativity, the principle that fact and lies, right and wrong, the Almighty and other gods are decided and validated by one’s character, genetics, and upbringing, is an effect of the work of Einstein. It was on April 28, 1955 when one of the preeminent natural theorist who ever lived, breathed his last, handing over a legacy of challenging scientific premises (AllAboutScience. org). To date, scientists continue to investigate the premises formulated by this genius mind. He struggled to find in science what artists strive to find in art (Pellegrini 1; AllAboutScience. org). He tried to escape from the darkness and horrors of the world by connecting with the entire cosmos. He sought logic and beauty of the natural world. In finding out the fundamental principles of the natural world, it appears that he hoped to discover a secret design which would one way or another restore confidence in him about the beauty and creativity of the world into which he is born. His intellectual aptitude as well as his curious mind embodied the spirit of analytical thinking. By means of skilled and constant inquiry they altered man’s idea of the natural world as well as the cosmos. He was only armed with a pen and a paper (Pellegrini 2; AllAboutScience. org). In spite of that he saw beyond what a telescope can reach, deeper than what a microscope can recognize. He went on a lonely grandeur to where the worlds of the visible and invisible met. He articulated each in the language of the other (Pellegrini 3; AllAboutScience. org). If he was ever a success in discovering the secret he has spent most of his life searching for, it lies in the legacy of his observations yet to be examined by sophisticated technology. Does the average man only grasp so little of the vast universe of is it that Einstein only did assume to a great deal? Man has all the advances Einstein has left to civilization. These are the advances which have tapped practically each and every respect of the sciences. For one, civilization has the atomic bomb. Then again, perhaps primarily, in the minds of those he has left behind, his vision is kept no matter how unclearly. The harmony in the world is the very thing man has kept searching for. That one great mind drew man nearer to the facts of life than anyone who has ever existed done for civilization.And Albert Einstein was also well aware of how much more questions he had left under the clouds of uncertainty. Works Cited Pellegrini, Frank. â€Å"Albert Einstein. † Time Magazine 29 March 1999: 1 – 3. â€Å"Theory of Relativity. † 2008. AllAboutScience. org. 3 July 2008 http://www. allaboutscience. org/theory-of-relativity. htm. Trefil, James and Robert M. Hazen. The Sciences: An Integrated Approach. Location: Wiley, 2006. White, Nicholas E. â€Å"Beyond Einstein: scientific goals and missions. † Advances in Space Research 35 (2005): 96 – 105.

Stevie Wonder essays

Stevie Wonder essays Born as Steveland Judkins on May 13, 1950 in Saginaw, Michingan, Wonder now prefers to be knows as Steveland Morris after his mother's married name. Placed in an incubator immediately after his birth, Wonder was given too much oxygen, causing him to suffer permanent blindness. Despite his handicap, Wonder began to learn the piano at the age of seven, and had also mastered drums and harmonica by the age of nine. After his family moved to Detroit in 1954, Wonder joined a church choir, the gospel influence on his music balanced by the R Wonder was discovered in 1961 by Ronnie White of the Miracles, who also arranged an audition for him in Motown Record. Berry Gory immediately signed Wonder to the label, that led to the birth of "Little Stevie Wonder." Though, the Little was dropped in 1964. Wonder was placed in the care of writer/producer Clarence Paul, who supervised his early recordings. Wonder and his label hit the jackpot in 1963 with "Fingertips-Pt. 2." This made Motown quickly marketed him on a series of albums as the 12-year-old genius in an attempt to link him with the popularity of the genius, Ray Charles. In two years he became one of Motown's finest artists, recording a serious of brilliant singles for a solid nine years. Most of were he wrote himself. By the end of the 1960s, he was not only hitting the charts with his own records including: "Uptight," "Castles in the Sand," and "My Cherie Amour but also by writing for many other Motown artists, including "It's a Shame" for the Spinners, co-writing "The Tears of a Clown with Smokey Robinson and writing and producing the (Detroit) Spinners Its A Shame. Instead of re-signing immediately after his contact expiration with Motown in 1971, Wonder instead recorded two full albums by himself. In his some of his lyrics, h ...

Nicholas I

Nicholas I has been portrayed, and perhaps rightfully so, as a strict and reactionary tsar. Indeed, his internal policies were often repressive he sought to nip any liberalism in the bud, often brutally. His approach to solving problems in the Empire and keeping control was to create the "Nicholas system", a bureaucratic system defined by and completely based on absolute monarchy. Nicholas revamped govermental structure by strengthening and centralizing bureaucratic structures to an unprecedented degree. He did this as an attempt to deal with all of Russia's problems himself. At most importantly the structure known as "His Majesty's own Chancery," which was the nerve-center of the empire's administrative mechanisms. With his new governmental structure, he hoped to create a machine that would, in theory, more quickly and efficiently carry out his will. The reality, however, was a little bit different than what he planned. However strict or repressive Nicholas may have been, his policies are somewhat understandble considering what domestic and foreign events marked his reign. His accession in 1825 was threatened by an uprising of a group of noblemen who came to be known as the Decembrists. He dealt with the uprising quickly and firmly. He and his administration sentenced the five most important rebel leaders to death by hanging and sentenced many others to hard labor in Siberia. Later in 1830 Europe went through some revolutionary crises. The youth of Poland had been restless since July 1830. The fever rose greatly when they heard that the Polish army was to march with the Russians to crush the revolution and prevent the Belgians from acquiring their independence. On the night of November 29, a conspiracy of young cadets seized the residence of the Grand Duke Konstantin, the brother of the Tsar. The rebels demanded a constitution and independence from Russia. There demands would have been politically disadvantageous to N...

International Business Organisation Management Report Essay

International Business Organisation Management Report - Essay Example The Bunnings Group Ltd is Australia and New Zealand's leading retailer of home and garden improvement products and is also a major supplier of building products. Its home building section especially targets small - medium builders. It became a public company in 1952 and in 1994 Wesfarmers acquired it. (Bunnings Warehouse Property Trust - BWPT website, 2006). The trust was listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) in September 1998. The BWPT properties are on long-term leased to Bunnings Pty Ltd. typically for a period of 10 - 15 years. (BWPT History Overview 2006) 2001 was the year of extensive growth for Bunnings as Wesfarmers took over Howard Smith Ltd, which resulted in Bunnings fully integrating Howard Smith's Australia and New Zealand's BBC hardware operations known as Hardwarehouse, BBC and Benchmark. The Bunnings brand was to replace all three previous brands (Wesfarmers website 2006). Bunning's is in the pursuit of sustainability within their operations by striving to making the operations socially responsible, environmentally aware and economically viable. Bunnings took shape in 1886 when Arthur & Robert arrived in Perth, WA from London and soon won a government building contract and soon founded the group of companies known as Bunnings Bros Pty Ltd. The company has since seen many milestones. In 1952, Bunnings became a public company and expanded into retail. In 1994 Wesfarmers Ltd., one of Australia's largest public companies acquired Bunnings and Wesfarmers has given an able leadership and direction to the company. All the departments and divisions are being managed very professionally with. Organisational Structure Bunnings is structured around a team-based belief in providing the best service alongside the widest range of home improvements at the lowest prices. On a company level, they are structured to pursue sustainability in all its departments and through all their supplier relationships. A manager is manages the trust which in turn is run by a board of directors. These directors and management control the general everyday activities of the business. The management chain goes down to the state manager followed by the regional manager and then individual store managers. A store manager controls the business which has his/her group of employees broken into teams depending on their department or specialty. For example, there may be up to 5 different teams, with a team leader in control of the employees of that team. The team leader has an important role as he/she has to manage and motivate the employees. Each Bunning's store has a strong emphasis on teamwork and each employee is valued in the business. A key factor that all team leaders have at every Bunnings warehouse stores is that they have "reward power". This is where they have the ability as a manager to give or withhold tangible and intangible rewards such as pay rises, bonuses and verbal praise. As a result members of the organisation are more motivated to perform at a higher level; managers will have a highly motivated workforce as efforts are appreciated. This is a fine example of the 'path goal theory' model. Bunnings Encourages empowerment by expanding employee's tasks and responsibilities, giving employees authority to take decisions, be responsible for their outcomes, improve quality, and cuts costs - and provide feedback

Managerial Decision in Economics Research Paper

Managerial Decision in Economics - Research Paper Example The study tries to unearth some of the aspects of managerial economics towards the decision of hiring by evaluating the various micro economic factors relevant to the case so as to formulate a set of plausible recommendation on this crucial aspect of managerial decision making. Definition Hiring of workers largely depends on the dynamics of the demand and supply aspects of the economy and the market. In a perfectly competitive market the hiring of labor is largely determined by the intersection point of the demand and supply curve of labor. The wages of these employees are also determined by the intersection of demand and supply for labor in a market. The demand for labor is numerically equal to the marginal revenue labor product. The marginal revenue product refers to the total increase in the firm’s revenues that occurs due to the aspects of hiring a new labor or other resource that is largely variable in nature. The demand for labor is largely determined by the consumer dem and for gods and services for a firm. This constitutes the derived aspects of determinant of the demand for labor. The labor supply curve shows the number of laborers that are willing towards working at specified rates. A firm operating in perfect market conditions hires workers until a point when the wage rate of laborers becomes equal to the marginal revenue product (Tucker, 2008, p.191). In order to tide over situations of increase in demand in the market firms normally resort to hiring of temporary workers to tide over the need for increased supply of workers to meet the equilibrium. However this does not appear be a formidable solution as the demand of products is likely to stabilize and that the company would need extra laborers to satisfy the customers. Hence it would be better to hire new permanent workers that would be beneficial in the long run. Factors or Costs Costs form the most important aspect for companies while undertaking a hiring decision. Most often business orga nizations take up a cost benefit analysis of the marginal cost of hiring a labor with the marginal benefits being offered by the hiring of a new additional worker. The main aim of a business organization is to make profits to satisfy its shareholders. Hence analyzing cost becomes important while undertaking a decision to hire a new worker. Firms undertake a hiring decision when the marginal benefit becomes greater than the marginal cost. Employing an additional resource in the organization would lead to the generation of an additional unit of output. However firms must realize that profit comes from marginal revenue and not marginal output. This calls for a delicate balance between marginal benefit and marginal cost. Only under conditions of the marginal revenue increasing a firm takes a decision to hire a new worker. In other words the marginal revenue product must be equal to the value marginal product (Gwartney, Sobel & Macpherson, 2006, p.537-539). Figure 1: Demand Curve for New Resource (Source: Gwartney, Sobel & Macpherson, 2006, p.539) The figure above shows the labor demand curve as a function of the cost of hiring a resource. The curve provides an idea about the marginal revenue product of a particular resource employed by an organization. The graph takes a downward movement as the marginal product would fall as the resource is used